Letters to the Editor by J. Richard Greenwell
I have read with interest Philip Klass's article (SI Summer
1986) on the troubled University of Colorado UFO Project
(1966-68), funded by the U.S. Air Force and directed by the late
physicist Edward Condon, which concluded that UFOs did not merit
scientific attention, and the subsequent exchange between Klass
and Ron Westrum (SI Winter 1986, 87).
One point of debate between Klass and Westrum is the
"clean bill of health" given the Colorado report by a
special panel set up by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
which endorsed the project's scope, methodology, and conclusions. I
can now shed some light on that aspect of the Colorado Project
that has not appeared in print before. This information came to me
through personal acquaintance with the late geophysicist Hugh
Odishaw, Condon's long-time confidant and friend, who served
as secretary of the Division of Physical Sciences at NAS during the
Colorado Project.
Odishaw was dean of the College of Earth Sciences at the University of
Earth Sciences at the University of Arizona during the 1970s, and I
was thus in contact with him more or less on a weekly basis for
several years. At one pointI don't remember the exact date,
but I believe it was sometime in 1977I had lunch with Odishaw
and asked him about his recollections of the Colorado Project.
I knew that he had been Condon's assistant when the latter was
Director of the National Bureau of Standards between the end of
the war and 1951. He was there to help Condon with vast paper
work when he came under attack by Senator McCarthy's House
Un-American Activities Committee in the early 1950slosing his
needed security clearance twiceand by then Congressman
Richard Nixon. Odishaw, a well-known scientist in his own right,
later played a key role in the development of the International
Geophysical Year (1957-58) and was the author of many important
geophysical texts, thus his appointment to NAS. I suspected that,
because of his close personal relationship with Condon, Odishaw
might reveal interesting new information on the Colorado Project,
and this he willingly did.
As it turned out, Odishaw had closely followed the Project
through its evolution. Condon informed Odishaw of all major
events as they happened, [such as] when the problems with University
of Arizona atmospheric physicist James McDonald intensified, and
when the Project's internal disputes occurred. Condon was often
on the phone to Odishaw to seek both his solace and advice.
Condon's many trips to Washington during the time of the
Project also included personal visits to Odishaw at NAS to discuss
the study's progress and problems, and to get advice.
Thus when the report neared completion, Odishaw was already
intimately but unofficially aware of the Project's status and
results, or at least as these were perceived by Condon, the
director. So, when the Air Force officially sent the news
report to NAS President Frederick Seitz, a former student of
Condon, Odishaw was ready. He was the one who, working behind
the scenes, organized the review panel, selecting its members and
providing them with background information and materials.
(The NAS panel was allocated two weeks to examine the 1,465-page
Colorado report, followed by two meetings in Washington, on
December 2, 1968, and January 6, 1969.)
Naturally, Odishaw selected individuals who he thought would
endorse the report's negative UFO findings. He did not look
upon this as any sort of "conspiracy." Based on our
conversation, I think he honestly viewed it more as his duty to
science, as well as his loyalty to an old friend. Odishaw also had
some uncomplimentary things to say about James McDonald, and even
Allen Hynek, but they are irrelevant to this historical
footnote. I urged Odishaw to publish these recollections in more
detail, perhaps in his memoirs. He said it was a good idea but
would have to wait until retirement, as he was too busy at the
time.
I myself did not want to publish this information, given to me
in confidence, as I felt it was not my place to do so, at least
while Odishaw lived. I feel that his death permits me to do so
now.
I do not believe that Odishaw's name appears anywhere in the
Colorado Project report or in the NAS review panel report, but he
quietly had a significant influence on the outcome of both.
While the NAS endorsement may have looked like part of a larger
"whitewash," or "conspiracy" to outsiders,
based on what Odishaw told me, I think he and Condon perceived
such actions as following the normal way of "getting things
done" through social networking. I am sure that
neither saw anything unethical in what they did, but perceived
themselves as defenders of rationality and science.
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